An Analysis Of Photography Register

Ade Juanda
Yani Haryani

FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION

UNIVERSITY OF MATHLA’UL ANWAR BANTEN

2017


Abstract  

This research aimed to (1) describe the use of photography register in written language in some articles on internet. (2) describe the sociolinguistic condition from the writer and reader in the article. 

This research is Descriptive qualitative research and passage analysis as the data analysis teqnique that used. Data is passage from photography article that has register in it. The resource of data is passage or article about photography on internet. 

The result of research shows that the use of register in written language especially in article on internet is very much. Almost all of the article from various topic or theme occur its register. Of course it will add information and knowledge for readers if the writer can shows the register fully.


1. Background
             Language is a human system of communication that uses arbitrary signals, such as voice sounds, gestures, and/or written symbols. The study of language is called linguistics.
Communication (from Latin commūnicāre, meaning "to share") is the act of conveying intended meanings from one entity or group to another through the use of mutually understood signs and semiotic rules. Human communication is unique for its extensive use of abstract language. Development of civilization has been closely linked with progress in telecommunication.

Register is linguistics phenomenon that exist in society. Register is language variation that caused by the existence of characteristics of users, for example written language that written in advertisement, article language, etc. in the oral language there is comedy language, politics language, pray language, and etc. this is one of the language variation in sociolinguistics.

Photography is also a field of art that is full of many terms in the affairs of engineering, conditions, arrangements, etc. You may be considered clueless if you do not understand a friend's chat who mentions one of the terms in photography.

2. Research problem  

The problem identified in this research are as follow:

a. What are the form of photography register in that article?

b. What are the meaning of photography register in that article?

3. Research  Objective

The objectives of this research are as follow:
a. What are the form of photography register in articles on internet 
b. To find out what are the meaning of photography register in the articles on internet.


4. Reviews on related literature 

Register is linguistics phenomenon that exist in society. Register is language variation that caused by the existence of characteristics of users, for example written language that written in advertisement, article language, etc. in the oral language there is comedy language, politics language, pray language, and etc. this is one of the language variation in sociolinguistics.

Pride and Holmes simplify the definition of sociolinguistics as “the study of language as part of culture and society” that is linguistics as part of culture and society. Sociolinguistics observe the uses of language as interaction tools between society members in daily life. Society as important thing beside the language itself in the sociolinguistic. Social factor can affect towards existence of language variation, either sentence or utterance in society.

Trudgill (1983) says that sociolinguistics is a part of linguistics that relate to language as social and culture factor. Language not only as the social factor but also as culture factor. The implication is language connected to culture that still become a part of sociolinguistics, and it can be understood because every society has different culture.  

As a member of society, linguistics based on culture value, including the values when they use the language. Value always related to something right or wrong, and it showed in the oral rule but still can be respected by society. Sociolinguistics include 3 things, those are language, society, and relation between language and society.

 

Based on the limitations of sociolinguistics at the conclusion of sociolinguistics it includes three things, namely language, society, and the relationship between language and society. Sociolinguistic discuss or review the language with respect to the speakers, the language as a member of society. How language is used to communicate between members of the community to each other to exchange ideas and interact with other individuals one.

The existence of various differences in society such as gender, age, status, and class resulted in a variety of language variations. Humans in society have elastic nature because human society so that occupies place and encounter a very varied atmosphere. In addition to the above reasons, the variation of language is also caused by humans themselves who are naturally creative. The occurrence of diversity or variety this language not only caused by the speakers who are not homogeneous, but also social interaction activities that they do very diverse. 

Variations as a language have systems and subsystems understood by the speakers of the language. Speakers are in heterogeneous societies so that the language (parole) becomes varied. Variations are variations in French Varieties4 which means variants or types. There is no absolute variation of the language caused by the speakers, but also the social interaction factor made by the speakers. Language diversity will grow as the language is used by many speakers and within a vast area

The form of variations of language in the form of idiolect, dialect, speech levels (speech levels), variety of languages ​​and registers. Explanation of the five variations of language can be explained as follows:

• Dialect is a variation of language that is individual, meaning the nature of a person's speech is different from the speech of others. Example: a language that can be viewed through the color of the sound.
• Speech levels (speech levels) is a variation of language caused by differences in the speaker's assumptions about his relationship with partners said. Example: we give something to an older person using a different language than we give to peers
• Variety of language is a variation of language caused by the difference of angle speakers, places, derivatives and situations. In this connection it is known that there are formal (formal) and variant languages; Unofficial language (relaxed, familiar). Example: formal "ingkang kula urmati" usually present at opening of speech. Relaxed or familiar: "nuwun yo" thanked the familiar peers
• Register is a variation of the language caused by the characteristics typical of the needs of the wearer, for example writing language there is the language of advertising, language point, the language of the article, and so forth, in spoken language there are language jumble, political language, prayer language, . Example: "fibers" is a mine mounted on a cave wall used for crossing. 

The register is a variety of languages ​​based on its users, ie the language used depends on what is being done and the nature of its activities. The register reflects another aspect of the social level, the social process which is the process of the kinds of social activities that usually involve people. The register is a form of meaning especially connected to a particular social context, in which there is much activity and little conversation, sometimes called the language of action.

The registers are divided into two forms: the registers are limited and the registers are open. Register selingkung limited meaning little, limited nature of the word number and its meaning is limited so limited and certain news, this registers are not have a place in concrete society and in the level of individuals and creativity, because it is rarely used.


Open loop registers have meanings associated with registers, the languages ​​used in the more open register are unofficial language or spontaneous conversations. However, these registers have no meaning situation there is a certain level not addressed directly there is always a characteristic described.

5. Research Method

• Type of Research 
• This research problem is studied by using theoretical approach of sociolinguistic and written discourse. The implication of this approach is that this study focuses on the study of the existing language in the articles on internet. Methodologically, this approach uses a descriptive qualitative approach. Articles on internet are one form of discourse. Discourse is the largest language unit used in communication. 
• The units of the languages ​​below are consecutive sentences, phrases, words and sounds. In sequence, a series of sounds form words, word sequences form phrases and phrase sequences form sentences, finally sentence sequences form discourse (Arifin, Bustanul, 2000: 3). This opinion is in line with the opinions of Cook (1989), Brown and Yule (1983), Widdowson (1981), Halliday and Hasan (1979) that discourse is a language experience in communication, both oral and written. Discourse is a semantic entity, and not a grammatical unit.
• The units of the languages ​​below are consecutive sentences, phrases, words and sounds. In sequence, a series of sounds form words, word sequences form phrases and phrase sequences form sentences, finally sentence sequences form discourse (Arifin, Bustanul, 2000: 3). This opinion is in line with the opinions of Cook (1989), Brown and Yule (1983), Widdowson (1981), Halliday and Hasan (1979) that discourse is a language experience in communication, both oral and written. Discourse is a semantic entity, and not a grammatical unit. 
• Data and Data Sources 
• This research is written data in the form of articles or writings sourced from internet. Written data is the data that will be discussed obtained from the articles Exist on the data sources.
• Data Collection Techniques
• Data collection techniques used are identification techniques. The articles in three sources are read carefully to identify the use of the registers in them. Articles found there are registers, selected as research data.
• Data Analysis Techniques 
• In the data analysis phase, discourse analysis method is used. According to Stubbs (1983: 1) discourse analysis is a study that examines or analyzes the language used naturally, both in written and oral form. Discourse analysis emphasizes the study of language use in a social context, especially in the interaction between speakers. In line with Cook (1986: 6-7) in this case states that discourse analysis is a study that discusses the discourse, while the discourse is the language used to communicate. Based on the purpose of communicating, discourse can be distinguished into discourse description, exposition, argumentation, persuasion, and narration. 
• Results and Discussion 
• There are so many terms that are often used in the world of photography. Sometimes these terms are used to abbreviate long words, be it Camera, or other tools related to photography.
• From the process of collecting data from data sources obtained the use of registers on almost any topic or theme of the article. Here are some of the findings: 
• Data register aperture is found in the article entitled “21 Settings, Techniques and Rules All New Camera Owners Should Know”. The register aperture used by the author in the article can be understood by the reader in general. This is because, the author gives meaning after the word. From the article, readers get a new vocabulary about photography known as aperture.
  Readers who are not from the photography lover community get new information about the terms used in the community.
• Shutter Speed. Shutter speed is the speed of shutter working and opening and closing again. Shutter speed controls the amount of light on film.
• Focusing. Focusing is the activity to set the sharpness of the object image, done by rotating the focus ring on the lens so that it looks at the viewfinder object that was previously less clear to be clear (focus). Photos are said to focus when the object looks sharp / clear and has a firm line (not blurred). In the focus ring, there are numbers that indicate the distance (in meters or feet) of objects with the lens. 
• Macro photography is one of the categories of photography that enlarges an object. Or it could be in other words the world of photography is reduced to the world of Micro. Enlargement can be done by approach the object with the camera, or even from a certain distance by using a telephoto lens. And should still carry the concept of "Photographs that speak" by involving elements of composition, POI and balance.
• Auto Focus (AF) , that is how the camera works automatically focus without rotating the inventor focus (distance). 
• Blur: blurred whole or partial image due to intentional or accidental motion during shooting. 
• Candid camera: photos taken or made in secret way.
• Contrast: the difference in gradation, brightness, or tone (color) between the dark (shadow) field with the bright plane, or the strikingly white color of the object.
• Single Lens Reflect: is a camera that has one lens for aiming that uses mirrors and prisms.
• Tripod: or called foot-three. This object works to support the camera with a three-foot, extendable and shortened camera.
• Vertical grip: Shutter tool for vertical shooting without having to rotate the hand.
• Zoom Lens: Zoom lens. Is a type of lens that has elements that can move to make the focal length varies 

7. Conclusion

Based on the analysis of written discourse on some articles and discussion above can be concluded that the use of registers in written language, especially in photography article on internet is very much. Almost all articles from various topics or themes bring up their respective registers. This will certainly provide additional information and insight for the readers if the author can display a register in full. That is, a register comes with the intended meaning according to the context of the sentence it follows.
In addition, this discussion also illustrates the socio-linguistic conditions of the author and reader of the internet. Where there are several authors of the articles discussed do not have a sensitivity to the competence of media readers where the article is loaded. The writer should be understand the condition of competence insight from the media reader segment that will load the article. This is important, so that the information submitted can be digested intact by the reader and specifically the reader will like the media. 

Editor: @adee_juanda